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What is Polarization Maintaining(PM) fiber connector?

Polarization maintaining(PM) optical fiber connectors are usually used for special applications, such as optical fiber sensing, interferometry, planar waveguides, coherent optical transmission, and long-distance bidirectional optical transmission systems. To understand polarization-maintaining connectors, we need to know what polarization-maintaining fibers are.

The PM fibers currently on the market basically have the following cross-sectional types:

The cross-sectional types of PM fibers

The fifth is the most common type, which also known as Panda fiber (Its cross-section looks like a panda face). What’s the difference between PM fiber and ordinary single-mode fiber?

Polarization-maintaining fiber is a special type of single-mode fiber. Ordinary single-mode fiber can transmit random polarized light, while PM fiber can only transmit polarized light in one direction. In polarization-maintaining fibers, the polarization of linearly polarized light waves propagating into the fiber is maintained during the propagation process, and there is little or no cross-coupling of optical power between the polarization planes. For some fiber components that require polarized light input (such as external modulators), the function of maintaining the polarization direction is very important. By generating stress in the fiber material itself, the polarization characteristics of light waves in a specific direction can be maintained. Therefore, the polarization maintaining fiber with the following structure appears.

Structure of PM fiber optic connector

The stress rod generates stress in the optical fiber, which only contributes to the polarization propagation of light in one direction. When the PM fiber is terminated through the fiber connector, the stress rod should be aligned with the connector key. Whether the keys are aligned directly determines the function of the PM connector link transmission. The index is very critical.

How to ensure that the stress rod and connector key are aligned? If we want to ensure accurate alignment, do we need to do some special design for the structure of the connector?

The stress rod should be aligned with the connector key. The conventional production method on the market is to fill the ferrule with 353ND curing glue. When the glue is not fixed, align the stress rod (cat’s eye) with the magnifying glass by rotating the lens core, and then cure after alignment. The problem is that the fiber core is very easy to rotate during the baking process even after aligning the “cat’s eye”. And there is a certain viscosity of the cured glue, which causes the fiber core to rotate offset after alignment and before curing. The alignment angle of the “cat’s eye” can only reach within ± 5 degrees, and the extinction ratio of the entire jumper can only reach more than 20dB. And once the offset angle is too large, the connector end must be cut off and re-headed, wasting man-hours and the quality is difficult to guarantee.

HYC PM connector

In order to solve the above problems, HYC has independently designed a polarization maintaining fiber connector that can rotate the ferrule with 360 degree angle to align with the “cat’s eye”. The traditional rotating optical fiber core is replaced by rotating the solidified ferrule. When the “cat’s eyes” are aligned, the ferrule tail is fixed to achieve the purpose of precise positioning. After verification, the alignment angle deviation of HYC series polarization-maintaining connectors can be controlled within ±1 degree, and the extinction ratio can reach more than 25dB.

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What Is The Process Of Applying For USDA Home Loans South Carolina And Idaho?

compared to other types of home loans in Idaho and South Carolina, USDA home loans have a lot of benefits to offer to all that apply for it. The mortgages are open to rural areas of the country, in places that are USDA-accepted. With both states having thousands of square miles to be considered rural by the USDA, it is a fitting opportunity for you to apply for USDA Home Loans Idaho or in South Carolina.

If you are now considering to apply for a USDA home loan, you need to know the process you’ll have to get through. You need to better understand what USDA home loan processes are beforehand.

Finding USDA Lenders

The first step in the process of applying for a Home Loans South Carolina is to find the right lender. To find the right lender, you need to look out for certain qualities that makes up a good loan partner.
USDA Loan Expertise – Experience is definitely the best teacher, and nothing beats being the best. A good lender in Idaho would have extensive knowledge of the in and out processes of USDA Home loans Idaho. Every state has their own sets of laws to operate in, so choose a lender that knows what path they’re treading on.
Good Customer Service and Satisfied Clients – A good lender shows their clients that they are willing to help. The best way to show this is through the quality of the services they give to their clients. To help you know the lender’s service quality, you could try reading up their company’s customer reviews.
Compare Rates – Get a good feel of the interest rates in the market by some research online. A lender that easily helps you in locking an interest rate that you approve of is usually a good one.
Ask Questions – You’re not the expert in this transaction, the lenders are. So, if you have anything that comes to mind about the application process, the terms, or just any questions about the loan in general, feel free to ask them. Good lenders serve their clients as well as educate them. You wouldn’t want to sign an agreement that wherein you don’t understand the conditions, would you?
The USDA Home Loan Requirements

After finding a good Home Loans South Carolina lender you can rely on, you should now prepare the different requirements they would be asking you for your application. Here is a short is of the common things they’d be checking for your eligibility.

Credit requirements – Your credit score should be 640 and above.
Loan income requirements – Your family’s income must not exceed the 115% AMI of your state.
Property location – Only houses withing USDA-defined rural areas are loanable.
Property guidelines – Property should only be used for primary residence.

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When Manhood Pain Is Due to Fournier Gangrene

A little manhood pain is something that every man expects now and then, but intense manhood pain is another story – and may need medical attention. There can be numerous causes of manhood pain; one of these is Fournier gangrene, which can be very serious indeed. Men who care about their manhood health should be familiar with this fortunately rare condition – just in case it ever strikes them.

What is it?
Fournier gangrene, sometimes called Fournier disease, is classified as an acute necrotic infection of the manhood, balls and perineum. Necrotic refers to the death of cells in a part of the body, so in this case it refers to dead cells and tissue in the male organ area.

Fournier gangrene is considered a medical emergency; mortality rates are thought to be in the area of 20-30% of patients. Fortunately, the condition is also rare; it is estimated that worldwide there are only about 100 cases reported each year. Although there have been cases of Fournier gangrene in women and in children, the vast majority of cases have been reported in men over the age of 50.

What causes it?
Bacterial infection is typically the cause of Fournier gangrene, although some reports suggest that the infection can sometimes be fungal or viral in nature as well. This infection usually occurs in connection with a trauma to the area and is more often found in situations in which the immune system is compromised (temporarily or chronically). In many cases, the condition arises in relation to a bad urinary tract infection.

The gangrenous aspect of the disorder usually comes about due to thrombosis in small blood vessels in the area. This thrombosis is frequently the result of trauma (which was mentioned previously).

Symptoms
Manhood pain, or pain in other parts of the area, is very common. While it may be severe, in some instances it is only of a moderate level. Swelling in the manhood, balls or perineum is typical, as is a fever. A very strong and unpleasant odor is also associated with Fournier, growing more noxious as the disease progresses.

Gangrene can develop very rapidly, often within hours. This can be especially dangerous. Surgical treatment is usually required for Fournier disease, and typically involves cutting out the dead tissue and other areas suspected of being at risk of developing further gangrene. Intensive treatment with antibiotics is also standard of care.

As previously stated, Fournier gangrene is a rare condition and one that most men are unlikely ever to suffer from; however, it is important that men in a slightly higher risk group be aware of the symptoms. In addition to men over 50, risk factors include a compromised immune system, male organ trauma, diabetes, burns, infections and corticosteroid use.

Attention to overall health and hygiene can aid in preventing Fournier, as well as attention to manhood health in particular.

Avoiding manhood pain (whether caused by Fournier or not) by maintaining good manhood health is easier when a man makes the regular use of a superior manhood health crème (health professionals recommend Man1 Man Oil) part of his daily regimen. Keeping the manhood healthy can help to fight bacteria, and a crème that includes vitamins A and D is a good ally in that fight. Also called retinol, vitamin A is especially good at eliminating unpleasant bacteria from the manhood. Vitamin D is frequently referred to as the “miracle vitamin” because it fights disease and supports healthier cellular functionality. In addition, the crème needs to contain a potent antioxidant, such as alpha lipoic acid, so that it can aid in the body’s ability to fight the free radicals that lead to cellular damage.

Visit http://www.menshealthfirst.com for additional information on most common manhood health issues, tips on improving manhood sensitivity and what to do to maintain a healthy manhood. John Dugan is a professional writer who specializes in men’s health issues and is an ongoing contributing writer to numerous websites.

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